Constitution of Nepal 2015

प्रारम्भिक

Establishes the name, sovereignty, definition, and secular nature of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.

नागरिकता

Defines who is a citizen of Nepal, how citizenship is acquired by birth, descent, or naturalization, and conditions for loss or renunciation.

मौलिक हक र कर्तव्य

The 31 fundamental rights guaranteed to every person in Nepal, justiciable in court, plus the fundamental duties of citizens.

राज्यका निर्देशक सिद्धान्त, नीति र दायित्व

Non-justiciable guidelines that direct state policy toward social, economic, and political goals.

राज्यको संरचना र राज्यशक्तिको बाँडफाँट

Establishes the three-tier federal structure (Federal, Provincial, Local), lists the functional jurisdiction of each tier, and provides for exclusive and concurrent powers.

राष्ट्रपति र उपराष्ट्रपति

Establishes the office of President as ceremonial head of state, sets qualifications, election procedure, term of office, powers, and privileges of the President and Vice-President.

संघीय संसद

Establishes the bicameral Federal Parliament comprising the House of Representatives (275 members) and the National Assembly (59 members), their composition, powers, elections, and procedures.

संघीय कानून निर्माण प्रक्रिया

Governs how bills are introduced, debated, passed, and enacted into federal law, including special procedures for money bills and urgent legislation.

संघीय कार्यकारिणी

Establishes the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister as the executive authority of the Federation, including its composition, formation, accountability to Parliament, and removal.

न्यायपालिका

Establishes an independent judiciary comprising the Supreme Court, High Courts, and District Courts. Grants the Supreme Court power of constitutional review and protection of fundamental rights.

महान्यायाधिवक्ता

Provides for the appointment, functions, and removal of the Attorney General as the chief legal adviser to the Government of Nepal.

प्रदेश कार्यकारिणी

Establishes the executive structure of each Province, including the Chief Minister, Council of Ministers, and their accountability to the Provincial Assembly.

प्रदेश व्यवस्थापिका

Establishes the unicameral Provincial Assembly for each of the 7 provinces, including its composition (110 members), election, powers, and procedures.

प्रदेश प्रमुख

Establishes the office of Governor as the constitutional head of each Province, appointed by the President, with mainly ceremonial duties.

स्थानीय कार्यकारिणी

Establishes the executive of local governments: Village Executives (rural municipalities) and Municipal Executives (urban municipalities), headed by elected Chairpersons and Mayors.

स्थानीय व्यवस्थापिका

Establishes Local Assemblies for all 753 local units, with powers to legislate on local matters listed in Schedule 8.

वित्तीय व्यवस्था

Governs government finances including the Consolidated Fund, annual budget, appropriation, and the Auditor General.

अन्तरसरकारी वित्त व्यवस्था

Provides for the distribution of government revenue among the three tiers — Federation, Province, and Local — through the National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission.

अख्तियार दुरुपयोग अनुसन्धान आयोग

Establishes the CIAA — a constitutional body to investigate and prosecute corruption and abuse of authority by government officials.

महालेखापरीक्षकको कार्यालय

Establishes the Auditor General as the supreme audit institution of Nepal, responsible for auditing all government expenditure and revenues.

लोक सेवा आयोग

Establishes an independent Public Service Commission to recruit civil servants through competitive examinations and to advise on conditions of service.

निर्वाचन आयोग

Establishes an independent Election Commission responsible for conducting all elections and referenda, regulating political parties, and overseeing campaign finance.

राष्ट्रिय मानव अधिकार आयोग

Establishes the NHRC as a constitutional body to protect and promote human rights in Nepal, with powers to investigate violations and recommend action.

राष्ट्रिय महिला आयोग

Establishes the National Women Commission to safeguard and advance the rights of women and to advise the government on gender equality.

राष्ट्रिय दलित आयोग

Establishes the National Dalit Commission to protect Dalit rights, eliminate caste-based discrimination, and promote the social, economic, and educational interests of Dalit communities.

राष्ट्रिय समावेशी आयोग

Establishes the National Inclusion Commission to monitor proportional inclusion of marginalized groups in public institutions and policy.

आदिवासी जनजाति आयोग

Establishes a commission to protect the rights, languages, cultures, and traditional knowledge of indigenous nationalities.

मधेशी आयोग

Establishes the Madhesi Commission to protect and promote the rights and interests of Madhesi communities.

थारू आयोग

Establishes the Tharu Commission to protect and promote the rights and culture of the Tharu people.

संवैधानिक परिषद

Establishes the Constitutional Council that recommends appointments to senior constitutional positions including Chief Justice, Attorney General, and heads of constitutional commissions.

राजनीतिक दल

Regulates the formation, operation, and dissolution of political parties, requiring them to be internally democratic and inclusive.

आपत्काल सम्बन्धी व्यवस्था

Provides for the declaration of a state of emergency during grave threats to national sovereignty or security, with strict safeguards and time limits.

संविधान संशोधन

Sets out the procedure for amending this Constitution, requiring a two-thirds majority in both Houses of Parliament and, for amendments affecting provincial jurisdiction, the approval of at least six Provincial Assemblies.

विविध

Contains miscellaneous provisions on military, security forces, national language, emblems, public property, transitional arrangements, and other matters.

संक्रमणकालीन व्यवस्था

Final provisions including transitional arrangements, continuity of laws, and the coming into force of this Constitution.