Constitution & Rights

Every person has the right to live with dignity. No law may provide for the death penalty.

Freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly, association, movement, and to practise any profession or trade.

All are equal before the law. No discrimination on grounds of origin, religion, race, caste, sex, or similar — with special provisions allowed for the disadvantaged.

Untouchability and caste-based discrimination in any form, public or private, is prohibited and punishable as a serious social offence.

Every person and community may use their language and take part in their cultural life and heritage.

Equal lineage rights, safe motherhood and reproductive health, protection against violence, and proportional participation in state bodies.

Right to a name and birth registration, education, health, nurture, and protection from child labour, trafficking, and abuse.

Proportional participation in state bodies, free education with scholarships, and protection of traditional skills and dignity.

Socially backward groups have the right to participate in state bodies on the basis of inclusion.

No prior censorship of news, editorials, or other material; broadcast or print media may not be shut down for publishing.

Every citizen may acquire, own, and dispose of property; the state may acquire property only for a public purpose with compensation.

Freedom to profess and practise one’s religion. Converting others or acts against public health, decency, or morality are not permitted.

Every citizen has the right to demand and receive information on any matter of public concern.

The privacy of a person, their home, property, documents, data and communications is inviolable except as provided by law.

Right to be informed of an arrest, to consult a lawyer, against double jeopardy and self-incrimination, and to a fair trial.

Victims of crime have the right to information about the investigation and proceedings, and to justice and reparation.

No person in custody may be subjected to physical or mental torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment; it is punishable by law.

No preventive detention without sufficient legal ground; the detainee and their family must be informed and may seek compensation for unlawful detention.

No person may be exploited on any ground; trafficking, slavery, bonded labour, and forced labour are prohibited.

No citizen may be exiled from the country.

Every person has the right to live in a clean and healthy environment, with compensation for those harmed by pollution.

Free compulsory basic education and free education up to the secondary level; the disabled and the poor have the right to free higher education as provided by law.

Every citizen has the right to employment and to choose their work, as provided by law.

Workers have the right to fair practice, appropriate remuneration, facilities, and to form and join trade unions.

Free basic health services from the state, equal access to health care, and the right to be informed about one’s treatment.

The right to food, to food sovereignty, and protection from a state of being in want of food.

Every citizen has the right to appropriate housing; no one may be evicted from their owned housing except by law.

Senior citizens have the right to special protection and social security from the state.

The indigent, the incapacitated, the helpless, single women, and others named by law have the right to social security.

Every consumer has the right to quality goods and services, and to compensation for harm from substandard ones.

If any of these rights is violated, you may petition the Supreme Court (Art 133) or a High Court (Art 144) directly for enforcement.